Zakat – A Pillar of Islam | Importance, Rules, and Benefits

Zakat – An Essential Pillar of the Islamic Economic System

1. Introduction  

Islam is a complete way of life that is not limited to worship alone; it also encompasses economic, social, and ethical aspects. Zakat is a fundamental pillar of this system, not just a financial obligation but a divine system of helping the poor. It is an obligatory duty upon Muslims, ensuring justice and fairness in society by preventing wealth from being confined to the rich alone.  

2. Definition and Purpose of Zakat

Linguistically, the word "Zakat" means "purification" or "growth." According to Islamic teachings, Zakat purifies wealth and brings blessings. It is not merely a means of supporting the poor but an integral part of an economic system that eradicates poverty and establishes social equality.  

3. Zakat in the Light of the Quran and Hadith

Allah Almighty has emphasized the importance of Zakat in the Quran multiple times. He states:  

"And establish prayer and give Zakat, and whatever good you put forward for yourselves—you will find it with Allah." (Surah Al-Baqarah: 110)  

In another verse, Allah says:  

"And in their wealth, there is a rightful share for the beggar and the deprived."(Surah Adh-Dhariyat: 19)  

The significance of Zakat is also highlighted in several Hadith. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:  

"Islam is built upon five pillars: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that I am His Messenger, establishing prayer, giving Zakat, fasting in Ramadan, and performing Hajj if one is able." (Bukhari: 8, Muslim: 16)  

This Hadith clearly establishes that Zakat is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam, and its payment is obligatory for every eligible Muslim.  

4. Who Must Pay Zakat and Who Is Eligible to Receive It?

Zakat is only obligatory on those who meet the Nisab threshold. A person is considered Sahib-e-Nisab (eligible to pay Zakat) if they possess:  

- 7.5 tolas (87.5 grams) of gold

- 52.5 tolas (612.35 grams) of silver  

- Equivalent wealth in cash or assets  

These assets must remain above the Nisab level for a full Islamic year before Zakat becomes due.  

The Quran specifies the eligible recipients of Zakat:  

"Zakat is only for the poor, the needy, those employed to collect it, those whose hearts are to be reconciled, freeing slaves, those in debt, in the cause of Allah, and for travelers in need." (Surah At-Tawbah: 60)  

5. The Consequences of Neglecting Zakat

Failure to pay Zakat despite being financially capable is a major sin. The Quran warns of severe punishment for those who hoard wealth without fulfilling their obligations:  

"And those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah, give them tidings of a painful punishment." (Surah At-Tawbah: 34)  

The Prophet ﷺ also warned against neglecting Zakat:  

"Whoever does not pay Zakat, his wealth will be turned into a venomous snake that will coil around his neck on the Day of Judgment." (Bukhari: 1403)  

6. The Impact of Zakat on Society

Zakat is not just an act of worship but also a system that ensures social and economic justice. By redistributing wealth, it helps uplift the poor, reduces income inequality, and fosters a sense of brotherhood among Muslims.  

Imam Abu Hanifa (رحمة الله عليه) stated:  

"Zakat is not merely an act of worship; it is a system of justice that upholds fairness in society."

7. How to Pay Zakat?

To pay Zakat correctly, one must calculate their wealth, ensuring it meets the Nisab threshold and has remained above it for a full year. The standard rate of Zakat is 2.5% of total savings and assets.  

In modern times, many people choose to donate their Zakat through charitable organizations and NGOs. While this is a good practice, it is essential to ensure that these organizations distribute the funds responsibly to the rightful recipients.  

8. Conclusion: 

Zakat is not just an act of charity; it is an essential pillar of Islam designed to establish social justice and economic stability. Its purpose is not only to assist the needy but also to ensure that wealth does not remain concentrated in the hands of a few. Every eligible Muslim must fulfill this obligation and distribute Zakat to those who deserve it.  

May Allah grant us the understanding and ability to fulfill our Zakat obligations correctly. Ameen!